The Grapes Of Wrath And Of Mice And Men - 1644 Words

Jarvis Johnson Research Paper John Steinbeck is an American author of 27 books, widely known for award winning novels, The Grapes of Wrath and Of Mice and Men; Steinbeck is also a Nobel Prize winning of Literature. Steinbeck’s writing expresses realistic and creative thoughts, combining as they do compassionate comedy (through Lennie) and intense social perception with their surrounding national culture. John Steinbeck, â€Å"Of mice and Men†, Printed in 1937, articulating a tale of characters, George Milton and Lennie Small, two exiled migrant ranch workers in pursuit of new work openings throughout the Great Depression in California, United States. George Milton, the smarter and much more ordinary person out of the two, and Lennie, who is controlled by his abundance of strength but very little mental capacity, set off to Soledad, California to acquire their dreams of settling down on a private owned piece of land and raise farm animals. The reasons behind Lennie and George’s previous migration is because of Lennie’s uncontrollable strength and urge to stroke soft things, resulting to charges of rape towards a women when he would not let go of her dress. Steinbeck then, creates a cast of characters to not only benefit, but also destroy their path to their dream. The two men find work and eventually potential problems when the superintendent of the farm’s son, Curly, choose to become enemies with Lennie over his flirtatious wife; Curly’s wife had her dreams of being a movieShow MoreRelatedGrapes of Wrath and of Mice and Men: Character Study991 Words   |  4 PagesGrapes of Wrath and Of Mice and Men: Character Study The American Novelist, John Steinbeck was a powerful writer of dramatic stories about good versus bad. His own views on writing were that not only should a writer make the story sound good but also the story written should teach a lesson. In fact, Steinbeck focused many of his novels, not on average literary themes rather he tended to relay messages about the many hard truths of life in The United States. Upon winning the Nobel Peace PrizeRead MoreSimilarities Between Grapes Of Wrath And Of Mice And Men1271 Words   |  6 Pageshowever, gives many of his characters a similar, concurrent trait; that trait is dignity. It can be seen in characters of Steinbeck’s books, The Grapes of Wrath and Of Mice and Men. The Grapes of Wrath is about a family’s journey Oklahoma to California, in hopes of a new life, after being evicted from their previous home. Similarly, Of Mice and Men is about two guys in California who travel together, trying to save money in order to buy a plot of their own land. Character’s from these two booksRead More A Comparison of Migrant Workers in The Grapes of Wrath and Of Mice and Men2731 Words   |  11 PagesMigrant Workers in The Grapes of Wrath and Of Mice and Men      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   John Steinbeck wrote about what surrounded him. At the time he was writing, the nineteen-thirties, a great depression was plaguing the United States. Many people were out of work. Many farmers were losing their farms and homes. An extreme drought had also wrecked the farms of the Midwest and made them into what is now referred to as the dust bowl. It was a terrible time to be poor, and most were. People died of malnutritionRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men And The Grapes Of Wrath 2124 Words   |  9 Pagesloneliness and the importance of community is shown throughout John Steinbeck’s novels, ‘Of Mice and Men’ and ‘The Grapes of Wrath,’ through George and Lennie’s choice of sticking together and the other characters’ sense of loneliness in ‘Of Mice and Men,’ and the importance of community unity in ‘The Grapes of Wrath’ to show human perseverance and determination in spite of ob stacles. In the novel, ‘Of Mice and Men,’ the two main characters, George and Lennie, met in early childhood and stayed togetherRead MoreAnalysis Of John Steinbeck s The Grapes Of Wrath And Of Mice And Men 1433 Words   |  6 Pagesanswers are the philosophy of John Steinbeck † (Benson 555). John Steinbeck was a major American writer who has written many books, which have come to be known as classic American stories. Examples of these classic stories are The Grapes of Wrath, The Red Pony, and Of Mice and Men. John Steinbeck is worthy of the praise he has received for his contributions to American literature because he added a new genre as well as a new narrative device, depicted the lives of the poor, and went to great lengths toRead MoreComparing John Steinbeck s Mice And Men And The Grapes Of Wrath1126 Words   |  5 PagesComparing and Contrasting Steinbeck John Steinbeck is a famous author known for many of his short stories, as well as the books Of Mice and Men and The Grapes of Wrath. His works have been studied and analyzed often because of his unique ability to create symbolism from small amounts of text. â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† is a short story written by John Steinbeck, and was first published in 1939. It tells the story of a woman who feels she is capable of completing any task a man can, but is set back byRead MoreJohn Steinbecks use of Realism, Characterization, and Dreams in The Grapes of Wrath and Of Mice and Men2450 Words   |  10 Pagesliterary style also creates great feelings of empathy toward the characters and their dreams. Steinbeck used realism to convey his points for a purpose, and his main purpose was that he wanted something to be made known to the public. Of Mice and Men and The Grapes of Wrath both tell of the hardships people went through and also the harsh conditions of their situations. The chara cters in both of these novels play and important role in personalizing the occurring events for the reader, making the novelRead MoreJohn Steinbecks Greatest Accomplishments973 Words   |  4 Pagesfirst book was went largely unnoticed, as did his next two, it wasn’t until Tortilla Flat was published that Steinbeck was recognized as an author. Steinbeck had many accomplishments, however few can compare to In Dubious Battle, Of Mice and Men, and The Grapes if Wrath. Each of these individual novels set out many achievements for Steinbeck. In Dubious Battle, written in 1936, was a strike novel set in the California apple country, a story of nine hundred migratory workers devoted to their causeRead MoreWhat Influenced John Steinbeck?. What Exactly Influenced884 Words   |  4 Pagesborn and raised in Salinas, California, a town well known for farming and being poor. Its thought that his many conversations with the migrant workers of the area inspired a lot of his work, such as â€Å"Of Mice and Men†, a story he particularly wrote about some migrant workers. Or, â€Å"The Grapes Of Wrath† a story he wrote about a family suffering in the dust bowl as they worked their way around California. Migrant workers obviously had a large impact of his workings, but not all of it. Its thought thatRead MoreAmerica Is Home To Many Great Writers Whom Come Different1709 Words   |  7 Pagesconcerned with migrant labor camps, and even traveled with migrants in Hooverville’s to observe conditions of camps. Steinbeck devoted himself to writing his famous works such as; Of Mice and Men, The Grapes of Wrath, Tortilla Flat, and Cannery Row. Some of Steinbeck’s pieces like Of Mice and Men and The Grapes of Wrath were such hits they were made into movies. Before Steinbeck’s death on December 20th, 1968 he was awarded Nobel Prize for literature in 1962, National book award, and Pulitzer Prize

We Need Diversity in the Workplace Essay - 1496 Words

Todays workplace is more diverse than it has ever been in history. While the workforce has made strides in the direction of equality, it is still far from attaining total equality in the workplace. A company must value diversity. The main objectives of valuing diversity include awareness, education, and positive recognition of the differences among people in the workforce. Organizations are increasingly emphasizing group work or teamwork as a source of competitive advantage in a diverse workforce. It has been suggested that such organizations must target their recruitment efforts at applicants who are both diverse and amenable to working in teams ( Rau, Hyland 2003). A cultural environment must allow differences to be†¦show more content†¦Americas past should teach Americas today that success lies within diversity. In order to achieve ultimate success, diversity is a necessity. Workforce diversity is a fact of organizational life. It is also a key concern for theory and practice in organizational behavior ( van-Knippenberg, De-Dreu, Homan, 2004). Diversity is important to companies because with a diverse environment people can benefit and learn from others ideas. Other reasons for the importance of diversity to many organizations are the recognition of differences as prerequisites for high performance and continuous improvement, enhancing the effectiveness and creativity of the organization, and valuing conflicts as opportunities for more effective decision-making and problem solving. Diversity has a major impact on our behaviors in the work place. Many organizations are placing primary emphasis on people who fit their cultures when hiring. The reasoning is that if the people have the right attitude, they will more than likely understand and adapt to the goals and expectations of the organization. The necessary skills can be taught. That is a lot easier than hiring people with the right skills but wrong attitude probably cannot be changed. Many organizations have determined what it takes to succeed in their companies. There is an underlying problem that is promoting racism. It is the factShow MoreRelatedThe Australian Workplace Is A Evolving Environment1483 Words   |  6 Pages The Australian workplace is a constantly evolving environment. When we look at the structure of the Australian workplace environment, we can infer that Australia’s multicultural society has broken down the barriers of uniformity. This both contextual and individual concept is refereed to as diversity. Contrary to popular belief, diversity does not jus relate to gender, race cultural identity. Diversity is categorized into four main categories: organisational, internal, external and personalityRead MoreWhy A Diverse Workplace Matters?1093 Words   |  5 Pagesvarious scholars has found that a diverse workplace, if managed properly, can do wonders for the success of an organization. Diversity means differences due to race, gender, ethnic groups, age, personality, tenure, organizational function, educational background, etc. Diversity involves how people perceive themselves and how they perceive others. These perceptions affect their interactions. Why a diverse workplace matters? / Benefits of workplace diversity An organization’s success and competitivenessRead MoreMultiformity in the Workplace Essay example659 Words   |  3 Pages INTRODUCTION Diversity is defined as a multi-dimensional mixture of people who vary by age, gender, race, religion, or life-style. Workplace diversity refers to variety and multiformity in the workplace. This multiformity can be driven in numerous ways; demographic composition of geographical location, an aging population, increasing presence of women in the workplace to mention a few. In this paper we examine how diversity can be manages using operant and social learning practices to reduce theRead MoreThe Challenges Of Human Resource Management872 Words   |  4 Pagesgreatest challenges that human resource management faces in terms of workplace globalization is workplace diversity. Diversity is the condition of having or being composed of differing elements : VARIETY; especially : the inclusion of different types of people (as people of different races or cultures) in a group or organization programs intended to promote diversity in schools.( http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/diver sity) Human Resource Management deal with managing a diverse work forceRead MoreEssay Workplace Diversity1577 Words   |  7 PagesDiversity is the uniqueness which every employee brings to the workplace in an organization or establishment. Examples of differences include nationality, belief, disabilities, physical appearance, race, gender, age, educational background, sexual orientation, and work experience, social and family status. At the workplace, valuing diversity means creating a work environment that respects and includes individual variation by maximizing the potential of all employees or in which every employee feelsRead MoreEssay about Managing Diversity in the Workplace1449 Words   |  6 Pagesorganizations need diversity to become more creative and open to change. Maximizing and capitalizing on workplace diversity has become an important issue for management today (UCSF). Workplace diversity refers to having a variety of different types of people working together within a place of business. Employee gender, race, religion, sexual preference, physical appearance, family or marital status, education, culture, personality, or tenure establishes diversity in the workplace. Diversity is rapidlyRead MoreA Diverse Work Environment The Management Of A Company Or Firm Is A Crucial Role1147 Words   |  5 Pagesare growing internationally and having employees of different cultures the management style has to suite those employees. Diversity in the workplace means bringing people together from different ethnic backgrounds, age, and religions. The advances in communication have a great role in management of large cooperation or business. A great management strategy with diverse workplaces is to have strong policies on equality. Allowing individuals to be equal at work and strive to their full potential. WorkRead MoreDiversity Within A Diverse Workplace1320 Words   |  6 PagesDiversity is seen as the difference among people. These factors include gender, race, ethnicity, age,sexual orientation,religion,capabilities/disabilities. A Diverse workplace,in the last 30 years, become an important issue to emerge, and it’s effects this can have on a organisation. More and more research has gone into a diverse workplace and effects it can have on an organisation competitive advantage. Although having diverse workplace, brings about opportunities and threats, diversity is complexRead MoreWorkplace Diversity Within The Workplace865 Words   |  4 Pagesmarket today is workplace diversity. Workplace diversity is defined as all characteristics and experiences that defined each employee as individuals, but it can also be misunderstood as discrimination against employees. Diversity can include race, ethnicity, sex, religion, disability and sexual orientation discrimination. One reason why workplace diversity is important is because when y ou respect your employees productivity rate rises and many companies do not know that. A diverse workplace targets toRead MoreEssay on Managing Diversity in the Workplace1207 Words   |  5 PagesJohn F. Kennedy once said If we cannot end now our differences, at least we can help make the world safe for diversity. Diversity in the Workplace: Benefits, Challenges, and the Required Managerial Tools1 Kelli A. Green, Mayra Là ³pez, Allen Wysocki, and Karl Kepner2 Introduction The worlds increasing globalization requires more interaction among people from diverse cultures, beliefs, and backgrounds than ever before. People no longer live and work in an insular marketplace; they are now

Comparative Analyses of Movies free essay sample

Comparative Analyses of Movies (Glory (GL); Gone With the Wind (GW); Birth of a Nation (BN)) and Books on the Civil War (Woe to Live On (WL); Red Badge of Courage (RB)) Introduction The movies GL, GW, BN and novels WL, RB (the works) portray men motivated to fight the Civil War by a complex mixture of ideology and patriotism, seeking glory, courage, honor , and comradery as well as vengeance, often holding naive expectations of an easy, quick victory, with varying emphases. In GL, Shaw’s quest for glory dominates as he volunteers his African American regiment for a suicidal mission to prove their valor, as well as to fight for freedom for slaves, the only work emphasizing emancipation, particularly as a reason for African Americans to fight. GW and BN emphasize southern men defending the Old South from Northern subjugation. WL emphasizes Jake’s drive to become an honorable southern man/comrade by joining bushwhackers who, in seeking vengeance, dishonor Jake’s image of a southern man. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparative Analyses of Movies or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page RB emphasizes Henry’s individual rationalization for his acts as he seeks courage and heroism. Excitement/Naive Expectations of Victory/Glory Naive notions of an easy, quick victory for their side, and the glory it will bring, drive characters throughout these works to enlist and fight in the Civil War. Believing in their sure victory, the characters are excited about the prospect of war and seek adventure through service in the military, as well as glory. The clearest example of this appears in RB. The novel begins with a Northern youth, Henry, who romanticizes the idea of war, thinking of it in terms of Greek poems and ancient history, daydreaming of battles between heroes in Greek tales he read in school. At first disappointed in his belief that the wars of old, such as ancient Greek struggles, can no longer be found, his enthusiasm for the Civil War begins after hearing news of Northern victories. Motivated to enlist by news of victory along with romantic notions of war, he seeks to emulate the Greek heroes that he admires. Leaving home, he’s disappointed when his mother gives him practical advice rather than a poetic speech, having expected her to demand he return â€Å"with his shield or on it† in Spartan fashion. The Civil War is but a game for him to live his boyish fantasies when he first enlists. This same light attitude towards war is seen in BN. While Southern men seem to take the war seriously, the Stoneman brothers in the North embark from home in a jovial and playful mood. While making make no remarks to confirm that they see the war in the same way as Henry, it is clear they do not realize the seriousness of the war. In GW, young Southern men also appear excited by the idea of war. During Ashley’s engagement party before the war is announced, the men seem eager for war to start. One man claims that a Southern man is as good as 10 Northerners. The young men all voice a firm belief that the South will win an easy victory, ignoring warnings by elders that the North has vastly greater resources. Their supreme confidence in their superiority functions as part of their motivation, seeking war to satisfy their desire for victory and the glory that comes with victory. In GL, Commander Shaw is the only character who appears primarily motivated to achieve glory in the war. When Shaw first sees his men fight, he is inspired by how well they fought. Unlike the other works, however, glory in battle for Shaw serves more as a means to an end rather than a goal itself. His interactions with the reporter suggest that he wishes to use glory to prove to the North that his African-American regiment is just as capable as a white regiment. Shaw’s concept of, and desire for, Glory is best seen in the final segment of the film. Inspired by his men’s ability to fight, he volunteers his regiment for a suicidal mission in which they will essentially act as human shields in the hope that they will be regarded as heroes, seeing this mission to lead an assault on a fortress as an honor rather than a death trap. Ideology In many works ideological motivations play a major role in motivating military participation. Ideological motivations are perhaps surprisingly a larger factor for the South than the North in the works examined. GW, BN, and WLO all present an idealized sense of Southern culture as a way of life. Characters in these works fought the Civil War to defend a way of life under attack by the North. GW and BN present an almost utopian picture of Southern society. The beginning of GW is full of beautiful landscapes, beautiful people, large parties, and an abundance of prosperity. GW in its opening refers to the Old South as the land where â€Å"gallantry took its last bow,† the â€Å"last of knights and their ladies fair. † BN paints a similar picture in which the Southern family shows hospitality to their friends from the North. All are well dressed and shown as quite happy and content. There are no negative images of the South in either movie. In GW, subtitles describe the South in romantic terms. In BN they show pets playfully fighting with subtitles explaining that this is the extent of strife in Southern society. Once the Civil War begins they display a quick impoverishment and destruction of the Old South to contrast how perfect it was before the war. In this context it becomes clear that the Southerners are fighting to preserve the honorable, chivalric way of life of the Old South form the ravaging seen later on. At the dinner party in GW, Ashley makes it clear that he fears war for this reason, but declares it his duty as a Southerner to defend it. The scene in BN where the elder brother drapes his sleeping sister in a Confederate flag the night before he embarks to fight bestows a strong sense that he and his comrades will serve as protective guardians. WLO does not present the same picture of the South as GW and BN, but often makes reference to it. While GW and BN show a strong transition from prosperity to ruin, WLO focuses on the ruin. The ruin is sufficient to provide Jake with the idea he is protecting his way of life. When he discusses why he fights, one reason he states clearly is his belief that the North has no right to tell the South what to do. He ponders the idea that young men would come down from the North in order to force their way of life on the South. (Jake also despairs that although he and his bushwhacker comrades had begun their fight to maintain the honor of the Old South, dishonorable acts had been committed in the war, and it would take years to renovate their honor if ever they won. ) In addition to idealizing the Old South GW, BN, and WLO de-emphasize the importance of slavery. In GW and BN slavery is portrayed in a very generous light. As the Southern family gives the Stonemans a tour of their home they visit the slave quarters. The slaves appear happy as they celebrate and entertain the white families. The house slaves are portrayed as faithful and almost as part of the family. When the men leave town to fight, the slaves appear cheering them on in the streets alongside their masters. The slaves in GW are similarly happy and faithful. One of Scarlett’s former slaves appears genuinely happy to see her in Atlanta giving the impression that he was actually fond of his master. Mammie is a motherly figure to Scarlett and portrayed as practically an equal. In WLO the character Holt also serves to de-emphasize slavery. It is known that Holt once belonged to the Jack Bull’s family but his status through the course of the novel is ambiguous. He is friends with Jack Bull and Jake who both treat him as an equal. He fights alongside them against the North. The presence of a former slave who befriends white Southerners and fights against the North of his own free will serves to whitewash slavery as it does in BN and GW. However, WLO does not completely whitewash slavery as BN and GW do. Jack and Jake are the exception rather than the rule and they protect Holt from the others. In contrast, emancipation is a major motivating factor for Shaw and his regiment of African American soldiers to fight in GL. GL begins with Shaw narrating a letter home in which he writes â€Å"honored† to captain a company of older men, fighting for those â€Å"whose poetry is not yet written. † From the start it is clear that Shaw believes he is fighting for an ideal that all men are equal. This is strengthened when it is established that he comes from a strong abolitionist background. The African-Americans under Shaw’s command clearly fight for emancipation as well, exhibiting a great personal stake in the war, fighting for freedom of all African Americans. Believing strongly in their cause, they endure great hardships in the military including insults, inadequate provisions of essential supplies, harsh training, and wounds. They face execution by the enemy if captured in uniform, and refuse all pay when denied equal pay. Their devotion to their cause is explicitly referenced at their spiritual before the last battle, where many speak of the freedom they seek including Rawlins who prays that if he dies, people should know he â€Å"died fighting for freedom. † Proof of Worth Another major motivation found throughout these works is the desire to prove one’s self worth and have others acknowledge it. This is the central motivation for Jake in WLO. While Jake claims to have many reasons for joining the Civil War, his primary motivation is to be considered a true Southern gentleman his peers, rather than a Dutchman. Often expressing moral objections to his own actions, Jake continues doing them in his quest to belong, proudly announcing to a comrade that he was a Southern male(18), speaking proudly of comrade bonds(35-36), calling Jack Bull his comfort and cause. (50) Finally Jake achieves self worth by following his own morals, refusing to pillage innocent citizens, even though forced to resign from the bushwhackers. In RB, Henry also seeks self worth. Disillusioned with war, he quickly wishes to return home. After fleeing, he returns, shamed, which is made worse when he is mistaken for a hero by his regiment. He is then motivated to earn the respect of his regiment mistakenly given him. The characters in GL, too, are motivated by a desire to earn respect from their fellow soldiers. As African-American soldiers they work hard to earn recognition of comrades, particularly whites, and to be accepted as equals. They seek supplies and training so that they will not be relegated to camp, but allowed to fight, like men, and gain the respect of their white comrades who have risked their lives. They finally gain this acceptance and respect by leading a suicidal assault on the fort. Vengeance/Hatred Hatred and vengeance motivated soldiers as well, particularly Jake’s band of bushwhackers in WLO as they fought untrustworthy Northerners and Jaywalkers who had ransacked the South taking property and killing innocent civilians, constantly seeking vengeance for comrades deaths. (20-21,71) Crawford joined Bushwhackers to avenge his father’s tortured death (10), and later threatens revenge for his injury, ten men for his wound, but a thousand if he was crippled. Jake loses trust for Yankees who, in spite of pledging protection, robbed and murdered southerners including Jake Bull’s father(94-95). Bushwhackers were â€Å"bent on revenge by bloody work† for the deaths of Southern women prisoners, despite fear the revenge would be suicidal. (154-166). Other works depict men motivated by hatred and vengeance although less prominently. In GW, commencing at Ashley’s engagement party, Southerners refer to the â€Å"hated† Yankees, money grubbing abolitionist thieves who would desecrate their property. In RB, Henry is motivated by: â€Å"wild hate† (for foes),(91); vengeance turning rage to a dark spectre (91); losing sense of everything but hate in dreams(92); intent hatred(93,117); exchanging â€Å"scathing insults†(121). Hatred and vengeance for injustices done to slaves serve as implicit motivations for African Americans fighting to end slavery in GL, and Trip, an escaped slave, is portrayed as so full of hate that he has to fight everyone . Soldiers in battle scenes readily avenge comrades’ deaths. In GL, after Shaw dies, the 54th regiment raises a battle cry, charging forward, more motivated than ever to avenge his death. After meeting wounded soldiers in RB, Henry fights like a lion, venting his rage, and at last, a firing line dwindles from an uproar to a last â€Å"vindictive† popping. (35). Material Gain: Material gain is a minor motive in many of the works. In Gl it becomes clear that the higher officers in charge of the region are mainly interested in looting. They set ex-slave soldiers loose on a defenseless town to plunder its wealth. In a later scene Shaw lists off the various ways in which they’ve enriched themselves . Material gain is clearly the main motivation for these men. Toward the end of WLO, bushwhackers ransack Lawrence and innocent civilians much to the dismay of Jake. 7. Other Other even less prominently portrayed motivating factors in the works include community support, military training, punishment, ambition for promotion, religion, and whiskey fortification. Military morale was bolstered by community support. In RB Henry meets old schoolmates who show him â€Å"wonder and admiration† and is treated as a hero traveling to Washington. In GW funds for soldiers are raised at charity balls, and they’re nursed in converted hospitals. In WLO, bushwhackers are nurtured, nursed and nourished by many community members, braving great danger for a mother’s hug(. 64-65). Harsh training prepared the soldiers for battle and kept them from running. In GL, the regiment’s harsh training serves them well as seen in battles where they reload quickly and mechanically, remaining in formation until allowed to break and shoot at will, as well as in their charge on the fort following their compassionate leader, roaring his name, storming the fort enraged at his death. After monotonous months of training, RB’s Henry, is prevented from fleeing when boxed in by fellow soldiers, fires his gun mechanically, and in other fights he and his comrades are scolded, beaten and shepherded into submission by leaders. Men were punished for failing to fight as portrayed in GL, where Trip was publicly whipped when suspected of deserting camp, and in RB’s discussions of punishment meted out when soldiers attempting to flee battles. Ambition for promotion motivates a gratified Henry in RB when considered for promotion and morale is raised in Gl when Shaw promotes an African American officer. GL and WLO portray soldiers trusting in God’s hoped for protection and the solace of salvation. WLO, more than any other work, references whiskey fortification as a major motivating factor. (3,148,161) Conclusion In conclusion, the works are rich in their portrayals of motivations for soldiers who fought in the Civil War, sharing major themes, portraying characters initially driven by a sense that victory would be theirs quickly and easily, desiring to share in the glory of the victors. Many works also portray ideological reasons motivating enlistment, such as emancipation or preservation of the Southern way of life. On a more personal level, the military characters were motivated by peer pressure and a desire to prove their own worth to themselves and many sought vengeance. Few sought material gain. Their morale was strengthened by other factors less prominently portrayed such as community support, training, religion, and ambition for promotion and even whiskey fortification.

Father Time and Life Essay Sample free essay sample

The most influential individual in my life is my male parent. No affair the clip flies. he is still the individual I am familiar with. Although clip will do him acquire older. clip can non destruct his verve. Although he is non the richest individual in the universe. he is the greatest male parent in my life. Although I fell down a batch in my life. he ever influenced me to acquire up. He has influenced me to recognize the good and high instruction which will do me to make the successful life in my hereafter instead than the material life. He besides influenced me to recognize that no affair how hard the life is. everybody has to face and accept the life’s trial and obstructions. In my memories. I was non a smart and independent individual. I ever thought why my household was different from the others’ which were rich. We will write a custom essay sample on Father: Time and Life Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page and why my male parent was different from the others’ who were educated. I didn’t like to remain at place because I was non satisfied with my household and I was non proud of my male parent. I ever complained of my destiny. why God treated me below the belt in the universe. I hated this sort of life because my head was wilful and naive. I had neer thought about my father’s state of affairss and feelings. I had neer thought who raised me. I ever disappointed my male parent a batch because I ever didn’t travel to school. The instructors in my categories ever called my male parent and complained of me. I ever got the bad classs in each category and cut the categories a batch. One twenty-four hours. after my male parent came place from work. he looked so tired and lost tonss of energy. His face showed he was so defeated and disquieted. I found that he looked older and skinnier. He sat down and asked me quietly why I ever didn’t travel to school. But I pretended that I didn’t hear what he said. Actually. he got so angry. but he didn’t cry at me. He merely said â€Å"wonderful life is dependent on our ain custodies. every bit long as we are non afraid to acquire through the life’s trial and obstructions. the success will ever wait for us in forepart of our lives. † I knew the significance of what he said. but I avoided it. I was ever acquiring on my unrealistic manner. One twenty-four hours. my life’s perceptual experience changed and I was influenced by my male parent who was truly worthwhile for me to esteem. I remember that twenty-four hours. I stood by the window of the eating house which is my male parent worked. My male parent was the chef’s helper in the eating house. His occupation was so difficult and he got less money. But he didn’t alter his occupation which was the lone manner to back up our household. I could see and hear clearly what happened in the eating house. The brainsick chef complained of and yelled at my male parent due to my male parent working easy because of old age and being uneducated. But my male parent didn’t say a word and he was still working at that place. After that minute. I felt ashamed of myself because I knew what was incorrect with me. I ran to the beach and sat down on the soundless beach watching the soundless sea. I thought of my male parent who was still working in the bad state of affairs and he was ever complained by the unjust grounds of the loony chef. How bad the feelings he merely got. As his girl. I besides disappointed him a batch and I could non assist him. I truly felt guilty and bad. In my father’s head. he really knew that he was an uneducated individual and he had to be responsible for his household. That’s the lone manner he could take. That’s why it was so difficult for him to alter his occupation even though he truly hated to work as the chef’s helper. But he didn’t give up. Alternatively he paid his attempt and battle in order to back up his household. As his girl. I should stand by his side to back up him and I should non let down him a batch. In my father’s head. he didn’t desire me to travel back to his same manner. He wanted me to acquire a g ood and high instruction which would do me hold a good life. From that clip. I understood the state of affairss and feelings of my male parent who was truly the greatest male parent in my life. Although. my male parent is non the richest individual in the universe. he is the greatest male parent in my life. He has influenced me to recognize that no affair how hard the life is. we have to face and accept the life’s trial and obstructions. Equally long as we are non afraid to acquire through life’s trial and obstructions. our lives will be successful and meaningful. He besides has influenced me that good and high instruction will do my life wonderful and successful instead than the material life. I am proud of my male parent who has influenced my life to be meaningful. He is the most influential individual in my life.

Romeo And Juliet Is Typical Of Shakespeare Essays -

Romeo And Juliet Is Typical Of Shakespeare Romeo and Juliet (R&J) is very characteristic of a Shakespearean play because of its recurring themes, language and diction, and story of a tragedy. Much like Hamlet and The Tempest, Shakespeare incorporates themes such as family rivalries, father and daughter relationships, revenge, and obedience vs. disobedience. One theme that tips Rs Dream. In this example, Romeo is Lysander, the one whom the girl truly loves, while Paris is Demetrius, the one whom the parents want her to marry. Much like Hermia and Lysander, Romeo and Juliet try to run away and elope without their parents knowing. Another obvious theme, which is tied into the previous example, is love. Just as Juliet loves Romeo, other relationships include Hermia and Lysander, Miranda and Ferdinand (The Tempest), and Ophelia and Hamlet (Hamlet). Another recurrent theme is the creation of a fantasy world. In Rs Dream where the forest is a place in which the fairies roam and rule. One more theme apparent in Shakespearean plays including R&J is that of revenge. In a mad rage, Romeo kills Tybalt because he kills his best friend, Mercutio.The whole plot of The Tempest deals with Prospero devising a complicated plan just to gain revenge on his brother, Alonso, and his party. In Hamlet, Hamlets whole purpose in the play is avenging his fathers murder, and the story centers on the way he goes about it. The very language and diction of Rs. The usage of metaphors, similes, and archaic language are marks of a Shakespearean play. Another factor is how the characters are one-sided at times. Romeo is mainly an emotional person drawing a parallel to Miranda also being only emotional. The fact that R&J is a tragedy is characteristic of Shakespeare. Other tragedies that Shakespeare wrote toward the end of his career include Hamlet and The Tempest. Rs just on the basis of themes alone. Shakespeare Essays

Complex Congenital Heart Disease - Smart Custom Writing Samples

Complex Congenital Heart Disease - Smart Custom Writing LeadershipLeaders must play several, often conflicting, roles in managing technology. They must be good stewards and hold to tight budgets and schedules. Implementation speed to keep up with technological changes requires good project manager skills. Leaders must continually monitor program tar ­gets and completion dates. They must also be realists in assessing the risks, costs, and benefits of a new technology. 1.   Perspective on leadership Learning for development in Auckland International Airport, also known locally as Mangere Airport Auckland International Airport was far behind from the performance in the initial period. As visionaries, Leaders had to make a technical vision of a goal and relentlessly pursue it. As advocates, they made a commitment to the project and stood behind it. Finally, as gatekeepers, they kept everyone focused. When new technologies are being developed or implemented, the operations manager made a strategic plan for the team representing all affected departments to lead and coordinate the work. A project champion who promotes the project at every opportu ­nity made contagious enthusiasm to make the development to happen. Today, Auckland International Airport is setting standards to the world itself. This leader is respected by all team members and thereby reflected management's support of the team through ­out the project. Everyone should know that the manager is knowledgeable about the project, stands behind it, and will give it the resources it needs to succeed. As the hospitality system is concerned, the leader should be a constant learner by all means. He should be ready to focus on the assimilated facto all the time. In fact, he should be willing to learn regularly. Employee motivation from the side of the government and thereby self improving the organization can be done positive results to the firm. He should be ready to take positive aspects from everywhere and negative points from nowhere. This proactive step helps the leader to enhance the performance both of his employees and organization alike. ANSOFF HI. 1984. Implementing strategic management. New Jersey: Prentice.    2. Motivation and Empowerment Enhancing the performance by Rewarding in Contact Energy Limited made thorough reformation.   Contact Energy Limited is a New Zealand electricity generator and electricity, natural gas, and LPG retailer company over the periods in New Zealand. The company generates 24% of New Zealand's electricity and has the second largest market-share of the country's electricity-retailers. When it was the time of underperformance, the company authorities have analysed the situation and made a strategic programme in order to enhance the performance of the employee sector: rewarding performance must be motivated by giving proper appreciation, awards etc..Leaders have defined motivation from different perspectives. Some of the important efforts are presented in this sub-section. Need disposition theory as a powerful leadership strategy: A basic assumption in the motivation theory is that an organism behaves in order to reduce its needs. A need is a requirement that must be met for optimal adjustment of an organism to the environment. Need disposition theory as a powerful leadership strategy presents the point of view that people are motivated to take action and invest energy in pursuit of three motives, Achievement, Affiliation and Influence. Contact Energy Limited made a thorough reformation in the employee attitude and thereby boosted up the overall performance of the company in the next quarter.   3. Developing DiversityStrategic Plan to 2010 - New Zealand Police Designing other strategic change process within New Zealand PoliceThe following measures to re organize and re structure the system New Zealand Police made a well organized plan as follows: New steps for diversity to be taken to improve the performance  Ã‚  Ã‚   the activities of front line personnel, it is not just supervise them;   Ã‚  Ã‚   to make the force better, recruit new personnel   and give training   for new leaders and officers;   Ã‚  Ã‚   There should be adequate rewards for performance.  Ã‚   Internal interactive, internal and external   mass communication, advertising, and market and image research are some other methods that can help NZP to improve their performance   Ã‚  Ã‚   sponsoring them for training programs in the areas of marketing/performing, selling a behavioral sciences;   Ã‚  Ã‚   increase involvement of staff in activities like customer service campaigns, undertaking market surveys,   etc   as well as in customer service and branch productivity committee meetings;   Ã‚  Ã‚   organizing of marketing conference-cum-workshop for upcoming officers segment-wise basis;   Ã‚  Ã‚   Sharing of the findings of customer surveys, bank image and other studies to NZP management with the staff;   Ã‚  Ã‚   staff motivation, including offer of awards and rewards on individual and group basis; Today, New Zealand Police is setting standards to the world policing itself. This plan for the situation was respected by all team members and thereby reflected management's support in the team through ­out the re organization for diversity.    4. Courage and Moral Leadership Courage and moral leadership are considered to be the prime character of a leader is concerned. A leader must be brave to act wisely when and where time comes. He must have apt moral character for his team to respect his vision and mission. The definition which has the touch of practical common sense is the one evolved by a medical doctor- Mr. Moran. He was the medical officer of a New Zealand Infantry Battalion during World War II against Nazis. For two long years he served the Battalion and saw how young officers inspired their fellow citizens to fight the Germans with enthusiasm and courage, knowing full well that, many among them would get killed or maimed. He wondered how one individual could exercise such a decisive influence over others. It was not just the military law or discipline, because despite these there were examples of demeaning cowardice and inability to lead. About two decades later he became the Chairman of the Medical Council. Given below is a definition which is based on what he evolved: "Leadership is the capacity to frame plans which will succeed and the faculty to persuade others to carry them out in the face of all difficulties". 5. Strategic Leadership Strategy for Maintaining Leadership in the Air Conditioning Company Limited, Auckland    In a competitive environment, maintaining leadership is not easy. New substitutes and products made using new technologies would keep entering the market eroding competitiveness of existing firms. Under such circumstances, constant product improvement becomes essential to maintain product differentiation. Even in fields where competition is limited, it is worth attempting technological improvements either for cost reduction or product improvement. This means that the experience curve of such firms keep shifting continuously. This is well reflected in the air cooler industry in the recent years in ACCL Auckland. Although it is a seasonal industry, of late there is fierce competition to capture the top end of the expensive market segment. For instance, the leading national level manufacturer in the small scale sector entered the market with a revolutionary idea; an air cooler looking likes a room air conditioner. It was technically far better than a conventional air cooler. They improv ed upon his new ''air conditioner looking air cooler" and introduced three different models in three consecutive years, always improving upon the previous one, making it difficult for his competitors to catch up. Peter Drucker (1985) called it "fastest with the strategy, in the case of the solvent manufacturer referred to earlier also, there is a strong sense’ of product differentiation through technological development. Philip A. Wickham - Management Consulting: Delivering an Effective Project 2nd Edition    6. Leading Teams Westpac Banking Corporation is a giant conglomerate providing financial services and became Australia’s largest bank. Earlier it took over the second-largest bank in New Zealand-the St.George Bank. In the initial period bank face a lot of hard ships to proceed in a turbulent time. The directors had to overcome these problems with their strong and efficient managerial skills. They had made a plan for the same and ensured them to adhere properly. Tasks for Group    Defined, the task   Ã‚   Made the plan Allocated work and resources Controlled quality and tempo of work Checked performance against plan   Functions for Group Setting standards Maintaining discipline Building team spirit Encouraging, motivating, giving a sense of purpose Appointing sub-leaders Ensuring communication within the group Training the group    Functions for Individual Needs Attending to personal problems Praising of individuals Knowing individuals personally Recognizing and using individual abilities Training individuals The functions related to the needs of the three areas had been listed separately for their execution. In actual practice, however, most of these are integrated and achieved through the efficient co ordination of leaders. As a result, Westpac Banking Corporation has become one of the best multinational financial services company and became the largest bank in the region. Conclusion From all these above situations, one can understand how do leaders lead followers without being wholly led by followers. The statement that a 'good leader varies his style between authoritarian to participative   depending on the task, the changing situation he encounters and the changing group that he has to lead sums up, rather pithily, the way an effective leader has to function. However, no effective leader ever consciously adopts a style- it comes, and indeed it must come, naturally from within. Style invariably is the reflection of the substance. It is the expression of the man and the strength of character and the balance of his system through he sees the world. References AAKER DA. 2001. Developing business strategies. 6th edition. New York: Wiley. ANSOFF HI. 1984. Implementing strategic management. New Jersey: Prentice. FERREIRA A. 2000. Business strategy: having to cope with waves of change. Management Today, 16(9) Philip A. Wickham - Management Consulting: Delivering an Effective Project 2nd Edition Connor, Dick Davidson, Jeffrey. Marketing Your Consulting and Professional   Services. New York: John Wiley Sons, 1990. Ashford, Martin. Con Tricks: The Shadowy World of Management Consultancy and How to Make it Work for You. New York: Simon Schuster International, 1999. Barcus, Sam W., Wilkinson, Joseph W. ( Editors). Handbook of Management Consulting Services. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1995.

Economics of sex and drugs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Economics of sex and drugs - Essay Example eople who will be visiting the city of Denver will lead to an imbalance in the market for prostitution and this is bound to create some pressures on the prices for the services. The various dimensions of the effects as well as the movements expected are discussed below in order to have a clear picture on the expected outcomes (Moffatt, Peter and Simon, 681). As has been mentioned above, the first basic effect of the National Western Stock show is the fact that there will be some imbalances in the supply and demand of prostitution services. This is due to the fact that a lot of people are expected to come to the city to show case their products and services while others will be visiting the city in order to experience the show. The first dimension of this influx is that there will be an increase in the demand for prostitution services and this is expected to push the prices upward as the market forces adjust themselves accordingly. It is expected that the prostitutes operating in the city will increase the prices of their services in order to benefit from increased demand for their services (Moffatt, Peter and Simon, 683). Additionally, the influx of people will bring in people with more disposable income and; therefore, they will be willing to spend their money on various forms of leisure and entertainment such as seeking the services of prostitutes. This will lead to an increase in the prices of the services since they will be willing to pay more than normal in order to access the scarce services. It is; however, important to note that this may not go on for long as the market will adjust itself almost immediately as it is expected that other prostitutes from other cities and localities will also invade the city in order to benefit from offering services to the people at the show. This means that the supply of prostitution services may actually increase and this may put a downward pressure on the prices (Dill 96). The expected increase in the demand for

Sociology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 13

Sociology - Essay Example â€Å"Social imagination†, Mills submits, â€Å"is the capacity to shift from one perspective to another; the capacity to range from the most impersonal and remote transformations to the most intimate features of the human self—and to the see the relations between the two of them.† (1959: p 3) In simple words, Mills seeks people’s misconception and lack of broad vision where they mistakenly relate their personal problems with their cultural characteristics i.e. public issues, and thus are entrapped in a false imagination consequently. While making a comparative analysis of the Mills’ concept of entrapment, it becomes evident that notion maintains imperative significance even in the contemporary world of 21st century, where though countless changes have been taken place in social norms, cultural values and prevailing laws, yet the individuals have not surrendered this entrapment from their mind. It is therefore, they associate their personal problems with the past traditions and customs and public issues existed in their society many decades ago. The modern society presents various examples of this sociological imagination. Taking the example of renowned feminist writer and lesbian rights activist Dorothy Allison, it appears very accurate when she links the miseries of her childhood with the male dominance in the US society. It is therefore she declares marriage as well as well physical and spiritual relationships of women with men as unnatural and impracticable due to the exploitation of the emotions, feel ings and physical charms of women at the hands of men. She herself had been the victim of paedophilia, child abuse and molestation at the age of five, when her stepfather used to torture her and her mother both physically and sexually. â€Å"Social injustice†, Zaidi (2006: p 31) views, â€Å"serves as the bleakest aspect of not only the contemporary world, but also of the most primitive clans and tribes consisted of cave dwellers of

Innovations In The Business World Research Paper

Innovations In The Business World - Research Paper Example The higher the scope of coverage especially in scale, the better it is for the firm, because there is a tendency for it to establish a remarkable level of monopoly, at some point. This means that there is a great chance for that firm to dominate in the industry and achieve the highest possible market share. This will mean some remarkable implications. It is about continuing the business and generating higher profit as possible. There are many methods or strategies used today to achieve these possibilities (Porter, 1998).  An example of a company acquiring more companies from time to time is Google. Google is a search brand (Haig, 2011), but this cannot be made possible without its strategic employment of merger and acquisition. This company has been doing merger and acquisition since 2001, and recently at the early part of this year, it has already acquired at least three companies particularly for its business for internet security, home automation and timely application for Android. Eventually, these newly acquired companies are used or integrated with Google+ and other Google’s relevant line of online businesses.  Acquiring these companies eventu ally help Google improve its covered market and its services in ensuring wonderful experience and high value for its target users. This leads the possibility for Google to become a search brand, which allows it to generate a higher competitive advantage over the other companies in its industry. As a result, the other brands in line with Google’s industry are not remarkably known in the market, and if they are known at some point, Google is still holding a competitive advantage over them due to its wider scope of market coverage as one end result of its merger and acquisition strategy.  Merger and acquisition have been a common trend today in the business world.  

Successfully Trained Employees and their Importance

Successfully Trained Employees and their Importance Lindsay Bootz Starting a new job is often a new learning experience, but it can also be stressful and overwhelming. When employees walk into their new place of employment for the first time, their impressions on the company begin and for the next few weeks they will be training to be an integral part of their new organization. For an organization, training a new employee is a very important process for its success as sales associates are most often the part of staff involved face-to-face with the customers, the importance of their knowledge of the company or products they sell is very high. Great training leads to less expenses, less employee turnover, and better customer service. There are many financial factors to consider when training a new employee. Instruction materials, equipment, wages for both the employee and the trainer all have an impact on the organizations finances. Per Levy, it costs retailers more than $4,000 to replace a store employee (2012 p.440). More than one individual becomes part of the process, often the human resources operations manager, supervisor and/or other employees will be involved in the success of the new associate which will have its own financial setbacks. Going through training materials such as e-learning software, books, and equipment can also use up resources. Hiring skilled employees and retaining them if possible, and having consistent performance reviews to identify more training needs can ensure employee confidence and show them more likely to stay, is one way to keep costs low (Taylor, 2016, p. 3). Hiring a new employee with no experience will take a significant amount of time to properly train and will cost more m oney, on the other hand, hiring skilled workers will require only a short amount of training, typically a week, to help them acclimate to a new work environment thus costing less to train. For example, a company that specializes in lumber will most likely decide not to hire someone more familiar working in fast food if given a choice for the simple fact that it will take a significant amount of time and money to train them. The Model of Excellence was designed by author and trainer Nick Drake-Knight in an attempt to find a better way to train employees and help them retain the information given to them. After extensive research, he discovered that the best sales people all follow a common pattern, a patter which connects (2012, p. 8). The Model of Excellence includes three steps, level one: explicit standards, level two: consistency, and level three: sustainability. All three are meaningless unless used together. The first level, is an explicit set of standards that spell out exactly what is expected of the employees, such as: a daily maintenance list, personal presentation, upselling, and customer acknowledgement (Drake-Knight, 2012, p. 9).   Typically, companies will have a standard time frame for each associate as they go through their training. Training generally does not stick and has little impact after the training sessions are finished as most associates grow bored when subjected to e-learning or classroom type of training. On-job-training would be ideal but can be more difficult to train as situations arise. Since the common way of training employees does not seem to work, it is important to implement the explicit standards as a way for employees to know their job even after their training is complete. Consistency, level two of the model, is a major goal that managers will strive for. Consistency means everything will stay at the same high standards, all the time. The managers that are best at achieving as much consistency as possible are aligning it with level one of the model, and including themselves as part of the selling process. A bad example of consistency is allowing an employee to go through training and months down the road giving no feedback as to their performance and keeping them in the dark about new company procedures.   Training should be done every day along with practicing correct sales procedures; managers can make sure this gets done by recapping goals and quotas throughout the day, actively staying part of the team, and holding regular meetings to keep associates up to date on store news and training. Sales training is a waste of energy (and worst of all hope) unless it is made sustainable (Drake-Knight, 2012, p. 17).   Training is usually something that does not go far after the training events are finished. Much of the information tends to get lost and employees must ask questions later about a subject they should already be familiar with. Sustainability, level three of The Model of Excellence, says that training should be sustained long after training is finished (2012, p.18) Momentum Management is the key to sustainability, it is a way to keep training consistent and constant throughout the day. It is like on-the-job training, but comes when the time is necessary.   For instance, if a manager overhears an employee answering the phone with the incorrect script, they can correct the employee after they hang up and inform them of the correct thing to say. Practicing sustainable techniques are a sure way to be involved and ensure that employees are being trained corr ectly and handling their jobs well. The Model of Excellence shows that with these techniques, after training is complete, with all three levels being used to their full potential, it could be beneficial with making sure employees know their job well, and are continue to learn as they continue their careers. As employees are the face of the store, it will always be important that they are properly trained. Staying consistent and sustained will make sure of that. Another simple solution to be sure an employee is getting the proper training and knowledge they need to handle their new job is to have better structured orientation at the beginning of employment. In her book New Employee Orientation Training, Lawson begins to compare the typical orientation session to a more successful approach. Typical orientations at an organization are generally presenter centered and tend to be boring for the applicant. The employee does not have much room to participate aside from only listening. Bored employees do not tend to retain the needed information to perform their jobs well and thus feel incompetent on the job. This could be a culprit of why the turnover rate is so high. Four percent of employees leave their jobs after the first day, and within thirty days know if they feel welcome or unwelcome in the work place (Lawson, 2016 p.4). A solution to this type of orientation is to have a more interactive and hands-on environment for training. Socializing the new employee and helping them integrate into their new workplace from day one of training can help them increase engagement in the workplace, better job satisfaction, and of course better job performance. Socializing also gets them involved in the workplace before the training is complete, employees can interact with the new employee and begin to adapt to one another (Mujtaba, 2006 p.262). In other words, taking the time to properly train and teach new employees how to do their jobs is worth the investment as they would not quit as quickly causing need for hiring new employees. It could also be beneficial in the sense that the employer would not have to pay for any mistakes the employee could potentially make. Having improved training programs for employees are critical to the employees success and especially to the employers success in keeping the business running smoothly. Employees that are not trained properly can end up wasting not only their time but another employee or managers time when they do not understand how to solve a problem. Proper training will also provide better overall customer service and more customers returning. When a customer enters an establishment, they expect to get help when they need it and that the employee will be knowledgeable on the product they are interested in. As training is the employees first impression into a company, it is important to get it right. Although many finances are part of the training process, it is important to make sure the employee is knowledgeable in all areas of their job. For instance, executing The Model of Excellence is one way to ensure a constant training of employees which also keeps them motivated. When employees are motivated and sure of what their job consists of, it shows a lower turnover rate for employment which is great financially and from a customer service standpoint. Customers enjoy seeing the same people and getting great service in the process. A well equipped employee is one that will be able to give the best customer service. To sum it up, Training is a very important part of a companys process for hiring new employees. Some companies tend to have a higher turnover rate due to poor training and lack of knowledge about the organization or product they may be selling. It is worth spending more time and resources on one person, than to spend them all repeatedly on the same failing training program. Employees should be treated like assets to their organization and get the proper tools they need to learn their job efficiently.   Proper training results in less finances wasted, less employee turnover, and a more fulfilling customer base.   References: Drake-Knight, N. (2012). Training and coaching boost performance of sales staff at BQ. Human Resource Management International Digest, 20(1), 14-17. doi:http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy2.apus.edu/10.1108/09670731211195918 Lawson, K. (2015;2016;). New employee orientation training (1st ed.). Alexandria, Virginia: Association for Talent Development. Levy, M. Weitz, B. (2012). Retailing management, 8th Ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Mujtaba, B. G., Sims, R. L. (2006). Socializing retail employees in ethical values: The effectiveness of the formal versus informal methods. Journal of Business and Psychology, 21(2), 261-272. doi:http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy1.apus.edu/10.1007/s10869-006-9028-3 Taylor, T.C. (2016). The cost of training new employees, including hidden expenses. Retrieved from https://www.adp.com/thrive

Eulogy for Mother :: Eulogies Eulogy

Eulogy for Mother My mother gave me a very special gift before she left. A gift that I don't need to decide how to pass down & divide evenly to my 3 beautiful children (her grandchildren Jessica, Emily and Julia) A gift that I don't need to worry about keeping on a safe shelf so it doesn't break. My mother (and father) gave me the gift of faith. Anyone who knew my mother knew she always prayed. Over these past few days my brothers and I have discussed this and wondered how many hours during the day she prayed. We've concluded it wasn't how many hours she prayed, but how many minutes during the day she wasn't praying. I'd tell my mom about someone sick in my family, or a friend of mine or my husband Jerry's friends and when I'd talk to her the next day she'd say, "how's so and so doing - I've been praying for them." Over these past few weeks I've realized the power of prayer & the power of my mother's prayers. For I had this special peace before and during this holiday season. I didn't get "holidayitis" as my brothers well know this term. I wasn't stressed out and I kept saying, "there are 12 days of Christmas." This peace allowed us to have such a wonderful Christmas day with my mother and I know she enjoyed it greatly & saw the peace in me. That day was the last time I saw my mother and again, I realize now how her prayers were answered. For how much better does a departure from this worldly existence get by seeing and talking to your family for the last time on Christmas day, speaking her final words to her grandchildren by saying "I love you" for that is how she always said goodbye to them, and in her final moments†¦praying with her beloved husband of 57 years. And look around you now at this church-the celebration of the birth of Christ and everlasting life. Today when I cry I'm not crying for my mother for she always told us "Don't worry about me when I die, I'll be very happy with the Lord.

Stephen King and Langston Hughes – Perspectives on Good Writing

In How to Be a Bad Writer (in Ten Easy Lessons), by Langston Hughes, and Everything You Need to Know About Writing Successfully – in Ten Minutes, by Stephen King, the reader is advised on a variety of writing topics. Hughes, a product of segregation and racism, uses biting humor and sarcasm to rail against bad writing, whereas King, a former teacher and a product of the counterculture movement, uses folksy charm to instruct us. King cleverly prefaces his advice with a self-effacing story about learning to write in his sophomore year of High School.In essence, he says that if he could do it, then so can we, if we listen. King values brevity (remove every extraneous word) and warns us not to get on a soapbox and preach. King also has great respect for the process, from drafting to submission etiquette, and belittles those of us who do not know the markets. In conclusion, he states, â€Å"And if you listened, you can write everything and anything you want. † It sounds sedu ctively simple, and that is King’s greatest success. He makes you believe.Hughes takes the gloves off in How to Be a Bad Writer (in Ten Easy Lessons). He scolds us with ten critical statements and leaves us to do the reverse engineering. Hughes places a premium on honesty, devoting half of his essay to that message. One example is, â€Å"Never write about anything you know, your home town, or your home folks, or yourself. † Hughes attacks dishonesty, verbosity, and affectation with, â€Å"Have nothing to say, but use a great many words, particularly high-sounding words, to say it. When you add Hughes’ instruction to use stereotypes of older stereotypes, his anger is evident. Sadly, Hughes' race-related advice, if not some of his terminology, remains relevant. There is no universally correct way to be a successful writer and I find it comforting that neither author refers to his advice as rules or laws. King and Hughes have given us valuable reference tools to a ssist in developing our own techniques. It is up to us to choose how we will apply their advice.

Verbal discussion Essays

Verbal discussion Essays Verbal discussion Essay Verbal discussion Essay Telephone calls are used for verbal discussion within businesses. They can be used when contacting both people outside of the premises and even people within the same premises. An employee within a business may use a telephone call to contact a customer in order to gain their immediate response. Video conferencing is a meeting which takes place in two different locations but the conversation takes place through a computer screen. Both sides of the conversation can see as well as hear each other. A business may use video conferencing if they have another branch of the business in another country as people at the business abroad would be able to be involved in a meeting taking place. Telephone calls are suitable for gaining an immediate response as it is always possible to know whether the message was received or not. If another communication method was used to deliver the same message such as SMS messaging or email you would never be sure that the message has been received until a reply has been received. However with a telephone call as you speak to the person themselves you have the assurance that the message has been received. This communication method is suitable as a business cannot afford nor have the time to always travel for meetings. A video conference allows the meeting to take place over a computer screen or allows other people elsewhere to have an insight into a meeting taking place. It is suitable for businesses which have several branches as they would no longer have to travel to each other for meetings. Computers and the internet help many businesses as they provide the communication method of email and instant messaging. The internet also gives a business access to the worldwide web which may be useful to a business when advertising their company (communicating with customers) as well as being able to research whatever information may be needed for their job. This communication has helped boost sales in businesses and strengthened the relationships with existing and potential customers. Touch screen allow people to touch certain areas of a screen to interact with the machine or make the machine do something. Touch screens are a replacement for a keyboard or a mouse. Businesses that sell products to customers use tills that have touch screens. Touch Screens are a suitable method of communication for businesses that use tills with a touch screen as they make it much easier and quicker to make transactions with a touch screen. They are easy to use as they simply require a touch of the screen rather than pressing any controls or typing. They are also suitable as they do not require as much space as there is no keyboard or mouse needed on the desk as they touch screen controls all of this. DVD shows all the content that was shown on VHS tape but on a disk. The sound quality and picture is however much better. A business can use DVDs when training their staff as training guidance may be put onto DVD where staff can watch these DVDs as many times as needed. DVDs are suitable in businesses for training staff as the quality of the DVD itself would be to a high standard. DVDs would also be suitable as they not require much storage space as they are slim disks. DVDs can also be used by businesses to store and read information if they have a DVD drive within their computer software. They are suitable for storing information as they have a high capacity of storage for data so large amounts of information can be stored on a DVD disk. Mobile phones enable verbal communication and SMS messaging from whether the person chooses to take their mobile phone with them. Mobile phones can be used within a business in communicating with staff when they are not currently at work. Staff can also use mobile phones to contact their place of work if they are running late to work. Mobile Phones are a suitable method of communication as they can be taken with people wherever they go. This means that they are always able to gain contact with whoever they need and can also be reached wherever they are. It is suitable for staff to use mobile phones when they are running late to work as they can phone into their place of work to let them know. As they will have their mobile phone with them this will be possible Portable Communication Devices (mobile phones and PDAs) have WAP which enables people to surf the internet, view their emails and use the internet in the ways it is used at an actual computer. WAP can be used by businesses as staff can email and will receive their emails even when they are not at a computer screen. Similarly to the suitability for mobile phones WAP is suitable as it has good portability and can be used in many locations. However mobile phones would not be able to gain access to the internet without WAP. WAP is suitable for use within businesses as it enables employees to access their emails wherever they are so that they do not have to wait until they are next at work or somewhere with internet access.

Memorable Lucille Ball Quotes

Memorable Lucille Ball Quotes Lucille Ball began her career in musical comedy, became a success in radio comedy, starred in several movie comedies, and achieved her greatest popular success with her TV show, I Love Lucy, first airing in 1951 and running until 1957. She also starred in The Lucy Show (1962-68) and Heres Lucy (1968-74). Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz, who produced I Love Lucy together as well as starred in the show, were married from 1940 to 1960. Lucille Ball managed Desilu Productions from 1962 to 1967 and Lucille Ball Productions from 1967 to 1989. Selected Lucille Ball Quotations I never thought I was funny. I dont think funny. Im not funny. What I am is brave. Ability is of little account without opportunity. The secret of staying young is to live honestly, eat slowly, and lie about your age. If you want something done, ask a busy person to do it. The more things you do, the more you can do. Luck? I dont know anything about luck. Ive never banked on it, and Im afraid of people who do. Luck to me is something else: Hard work - Â  and realizing what is opportunity and what isnt. One of the things I learned the hard way was that it doesnt pay to get discouraged. Keeping busy and making optimism a way of life can restore your faith in yourself. I think knowing what you cannot do is more important than knowing what you can do. In fact, thats good taste. I would rather regret the things that I have done than the things that I have not. In life, all good things come hard, but wisdom is the hardest to come by. I have an everyday religion that works for me. Love yourself first, and everything else falls into line. You really have to love yourself to get anything done in this world. Once in his life, every man is entitled to fall madly in love with a gorgeous redhead. My God, Im outliving my henna. Womens lib?...It doesnt interest me one bit. Ive been so liberated it hurts. Politics should be the part-time profession of every citizen who would protect the rights and privileges of free people and who would preserve what is good and fruitful in our national heritage. Its a helluva start, being able to recognize what makes you happy. Not everything that is faced can be changed, but nothing can be changed until it is faced. I regret the passing of the studio system. I was very appreciative of it because I had no talent. What could I do? I couldnt dance. I couldnt sing. I could talk. Heaven, no. I was shy for several years in my early days in Hollywood until I figured out that no one really gave a damn if I was shy or not, and I got over my shyness. You see much more of your children once they leave home. Use a make-up table with everything close at hand and don’t rush; otherwise you’ll look like a patchwork quilt. A man who correctly guesses a womans age may be smart, but hes not very bright. What we did on [i[I Love Lucy was not slapstick. I worked with the Three Stooges years ago, and they were masters of slapstick, so I know what slapstick is. The best thing I learned from working with the Stooges was when to duck! Its true. Your timing has to be right so that you dont get hurt in the scene. The Stooges were always teaching people on the set how to duck. You spell Bob Hope C-L-A-S-S. I dont do T A very well because I havent got much of either. Quote collection assembled by Jone Johnson Lewis.

Technical Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Technical Communication - Essay Example The technical communication differs from academic essay writing for other classes. The research focuses on the variance between other academic essays and the technical communication report. The research focuses on the step by step procedures to be implemented by the readers of the technical communication report. The technical communication, unlike the academic essay, always includes the use of technical language. The research includes a study of the similarities between the technical communication and the academic essay. The technical communications report is a step by step explanation of what should be done to accomplish the organization’s expected end product.In terms of characteristics, the technical communication document (accounting technology communications report) found qualifies as a technical communication. According to Michael Albers (39), the document teaches the procedural steps, unlike the academic essays, to prepare the company’s balance sheet and income s tatement. First, the document explains which accounting account title should be debited or credited for every business transaction that occurs in one day. Second, the document dictates that there should have equal total amounts for both the debit entry total and the credit entry total for the journal entry of each business transaction. Next, the document explains each of the intricate steps in transferring the journal entries to the ledger books. Next, the document explains that the balances of each ledger account balances must be transferred to the worksheet.

Patient safety in the operating room Research Paper

Patient safety in the operating room - Research Paper Example In this essay, patient safety in the operating room shall be considered in terms of how safety can be ensures, the effects of denying patients their safety and importance of the promotion of safety in the operating room. What is Patient Safety? Patient safety is an integrated process of ensuring that a patient who visits the operating room for surgery is not put at risk to situations that would harm or worsen the health condition of the patient in any way. Safety of patients in the operating may be jeopardized in several ways including wrong site surgery, wrong medication and leaving foreign material in the bodies of people. Measures for ensuring safety in the operating room The need to ensure patient safety is indispensible and a basic right of every patient that cannot be undermined in anyway. To achieve safety however, a couple of measures need to be put in place. First of such measures is work experience of practicing surgeons and nurses. The oversee of surgical operations in the operating room is such a complex medical practice that it demands the hands of highly qualified, competent and experienced health professional to undertake. However, the problem of low staff base, employee turnover and lack of employee retention has led to a situation where most health facilities fall on inexperienced nurses and surgeons to handle cases in the operating room (Dodd, 2003). ... ould bring them up to speed with current developments in the surgery fraternity so that they will not in any way lug behind in the jurisdiction of their duties. Another important factor that needs to be put in place to ensure safety in the operating room has to do with communication. Expects have identify the breakdown of communication and poor communication as serious risk factors for the increased cases of absence of safety in the operating room. For example Jean Nagelkerk, GVSU vice provost for health, registered nurse and family nurse practitioner reports that â€Å"a breakdown in communication causes up to 70 percent of errors† (Kopenkoskey, 2011). Safety in the operating room is therefore advocated through the creation of an effective communication system between surgeons, nurses and patients. Between surgeons and nurses, there must be a team approach that ensures that the team has communicated well among itself and that it is highly aware of what it is going to do even before surgery starts. During team discussions, specific instructions must be given on what each person’s role is going to be like so that the practitioners do not get nervous and naive during the operation. At the time of operation also, it is important that communication goes on among the practitioners especially when need developments on the operation crop up. After the operation to, communication must go on about the effectiveness of the operation process and how the patient can be helped to recover quickly. Communicating to the patient is also important because the patient needs to be informed of what is expected of him or her in order that he or she does not create situations of complications either during or after the operation. Another important measure for ensuring safety is pointed out

Rational choice theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Rational choice theory - Essay Example Specifically, rational choice theory also claims that the decision maker knows all the potential alternatives and that s/he makes a decision after evaluating them all (Heath 2001). Decision-making process in organizations can be distinguished as automatic— regular decisions made in accordance to established guiding principles—or non-programmed—choices necessitating new and innovative solutions (White 2006). Furthermore, decisions vary with regard to the level of risk present, ranging from those wherein the results of a decision are fairly definite to those wherein results are considerably indefinite. Indefinite circumstances are communicates as probability statements derived from either subjective or objective facts (Heath 2001). Rational choice theory portrays decision makers as systematically rummaging around appropriate and relevant information to make the best possible decision. This essay will discuss the premises of rational choice theory, its implications on managerial decision making, and the validity of the argument that ‘individuals are rational and normally act as maximizing entrepreneurs’. Rationality is revered in the Western world. A rational choice is one that arises in structured procedures and maximizes a value, regardless if it is marketability, controllability, reliability, efficiency, integrity, or any of numerous other values (Goodin 1998). Observance of any value requires upholding one alternative over another. According to rational choice theory there are major steps to making a rational decision (Allingham 2002). The endeavor is as crucial as the ultimate decision, due to the fact that each step affords an opportunity to re-evaluate the minimized and maximized values (Allingham 2002). The first step is problem definition. This entails identifying key variables under consideration and analyzing the

Hypochlorite in Endodontics Essay Example for Free

Hypochlorite in Endodontics Essay Abstract Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in various concentrations is the most widely used endodontic irrigant, but it can be an irritant to vital tissues. There are several reports about the complications of irrigation with NaOCl during root canal therapy. Most of the complications are the result of accidental extrusion of the solution from the apical foramen or accessory canals or perforations into the periapical area. This article is a review and comparison of all reported NaOCl accidents in the literature. The impetus behind root canal cleaning and shaping is the elimination of tissue remnants, bacteria, and toxins from the root canal system. This is generally accepted to be a major factor in the success of root canal treatment. Mechanical procedures alone are insufficient for total canal cleaning. Residual pulpal tissue, bacteria, and dentin debris may persist in the irregularities of canal systems. Therefore, irrigating solutions should support and complement endodontic preparation. These irrigants should flush out dentin debris, dissolve organic tissue, disinfect the canal system, and provide lubrication during instrumentation, without irritating the surrounding tissues. Some of the irrigants currently used include hydrogen peroxide, physiologic saline, water, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), chlorhexidine, and electrochemically activated water. Because of its physicochemical and antibacterial properties, NaOCl is one of the most popular irrigants. A 0.5% solution of NaOCl was used effectively during World War I to clean contaminated wounds.1 In 1920, Crane described the use of Dakins solution (NaOCl buffered with sodium bicarbonate) for root canal debridement and sterilization. Since then NaOCl has become a popular and effective intracanal irrigant.2 It is an inexpensive, readily available, and easily used chemical that usually rates well in research.3,4 A variety of NaOCl concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 5.25% have been advocated, as well as a variety of temperatures. The longer the solution can remain in contact with tissue, the higher the temperature of the solution, and the higher the concentration, the greater the ability of NaOCl to dissolve the tissue.5-7 The optimum concentration for use clinically is still a matter of controversy. Consequently, the clinician must decide on the concentration and temperature of the NaOCl and the potential consequences of this choice.5,8,9 Advantages of NaOCl The ability of NaOCl to dissolve organic soft tissue of the pulp and predentin is a result of oxidation. The powerful oxidative activity of hypochlorite not only dissolves the pulpal and dentinal tissue but also acts as a potent antimicrobial agent.3 It is well recognized to be effective against a broad range of pathogens: gram-positive and gramnegative bacteria, fungi, spores, and viruses including the human immunodeficiency virus.10 NaOCl, especially when used in high concentrations, is known to be effective in dissolving organic tissue remnants and disinfecting the canal system.4 Effective concentrations of NaOCl range from 2.6% o 5.25%. The dilution of NaOCl was suggested because it has been proved that concentrations over 0.5% are cytotoxic.11 Compared with a chlorhexidine gel, NaOCl not only has a higher capacity to kill microorganisms but is also more able to remove cells from the root canal.12 Water is not effective in removing dentine debris from grooves in the apical portio n of root canals.13 Disadvantages of NaOCl Acute inflammation followed by necrosis results when NaOCl comes into contact with vital tissue. It causes severe inflammation and cellular destruction in all tissues except heavily keratinized epithelium.5 The cytotoxic effect of 5.25% NaOCl on vital tissues, resulting in hemolysis, is well documented, and its use warrants proper care. The clinical efficacy of NaOCl relates to its nonspecific ability to oxidize, hydrolyze, and osmotically draw fluids out of tissues.5 The severity of the reaction depends on the concentration of the solution, its pH, and the duration of exposure. NaOCl has a pH of 11 to 12.5, which causes injury primarily by oxidation of proteins. In high concentrations, severe necrotic changes could be observed.14 The higher concentrations also have some irritating effects on the periodontal ligament.15 One report cites periodontal side effects of NaOCl with lower concentrations.16 However, when confined to the canal space as an intracanal endodontic irrigant, clinic al toxicity of NaOCl is no greater than the clinical toxicity of normal saline solution.6 NaOCl causes vascular permeability in blood vessels, probably as a result of damage to the vessels as well as the release of chemical mediators, such as histamine, from involved tissue. This characteristic causes immediate swelling and often profuse bleeding through the root canal when NaOCl is not used properly as an endodontic irrigant.17 There is only 1 report of hypersensitivity to NaOCl, which can easily be detected by skin patch testing.18 There are reports about the effects of improper use of NaOCl, including inadvertent injection into the maxillary sinus19 or splashing solution into the eyes.20 The extrusion of NaOCl can cause facial nerve weakness in addition to other soft-tissue damage.21 In addition to its toxicity to vital tissues, NaOCl has an unpleasant odor and causes damage if it comes into contact with clothing. 22 There are 2 reports of inadvertently injecting NaOCl instead of anesthetic solution. One resulted in severe palatal tissue necrosis,23 and the second involved edema in the pterygomandibular space and peritonsillar and pharyngeal areas because of mandibular block injection with NaOCl instead of anesthetic solution. In the second case, the patient was admitted to an intensive care unit for probable airway obstruction and given opioid analgesic intravenously for pain reduction.24 Damage to permanent tooth follicles, peripheral tissue, and oral mucosa have been reported during careless NaOCl use in pediatric endodontics. 25 There are only a small number of cases in the literature that have reported postoperative skin complications, long-term paresthesia, and altered nerve sensations arising from the use of NaOCl as an endodontic irrigant.26 There are 23 reported cases of NaOCl accidents in the literature.14,19,21,26-41 Almost all of the cases have similar sequelae including severe pain, edema, and profuse hemorrhage both interstitially and through the tooth. The reports mentioned several days of increasing edema and ecchymosis accompanied by tissue necrosis and paresthesia; in some cases, secondary infections have been observed. Most of the cases had complete resolution within a few weeks but a few were marked by long-term paresthesia or scarring. Remaining residual paresthesia indicates some permanent damage to the nerve endings in the affected area.36 NaOCl Accident Management Proper management of a NaOCl accident is important for achieving the best outcomes. The following lists some important factors for managing a NaOCl accident: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Early recognition of the problem; the patient should be informed of the cause and nature of the accident (Table 2, see end of the article) Immediate irrigation of the canal with normal saline to dilute the NaOCl Allow bleeding response to flush the irritant out of the tissues Reassure patient Provide patient with both verbal and written home care instructions Monitor the patient After the NaOCl accident has been recognized and the patient has been informed, the authors recommend a treatment that focuses on palliative care, including cold and warm compresses, saline rinses, pain control, prophylactic antibiotics, steroid therapy, and monitoring (Table 3). It is important to reassure the patient throughout treatment because of the amount of time it will take for the inflammation to resolve. Avoiding NaOCl Accidents The following steps can help clinicians avoid NaOCl accidents: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Adequate access preparation Good working length control Irrigation needle placed 1 mm to 3 mm short of working length Needle placed passively and not locked in the canal Irrigant expressed into the root canal slowly Constant in and out movements of the irrigating needle into the canal space Flowback of solution as it is expressed into the canal should be observed Use side delivery needles that are specifically designed for endodontic purposes Discussion NaOCl is tissue cytotoxic. When it comes into contact with tissue, it causes hemolysis and ulceration, inhibits neutrophil migration, and damages endothelial and fibroblast cells.14,42 Incorrect determination of working length, lateral perforation, and wedging of the irrigating needle are the most common procedural accidents associated with adverse NaOCl reactions.29 The optimal clinical concentration of NaOCl is still controversial. A 1% concentration of NaOCl provides tissue dissolution and an antimicrobial effect, but the concentration reported in the literature has been as high as 5.25%.43,44 Evidence demonstrates that high concentrations of NaOCl have enhanced antimicrobial activity.45 Irrigation time may increase the antimicrobial effect of endodontic irrigants without affecting the surrounding tissues. It has been found that 0.5% NaOCl had nearly the same bactericidal effect as 5.25% NaOCl when used for 30 minutes.46 After a NaOCl accident, early and aggressive treatment is advocated to reduce potentially serious complications. The use of antibiotics is recommended because there is a possibility of tissue necrosis and infection.47 Steroids also may be useful. Depending on the degree of injury, some cases might require surgical intervention. The aim of any surgical procedure should be to provide decompression and facilitate drainage, and to create an environment conducive to healing. The other advantage of surgery is meticulous debridement of grossly necrotic tissue and direct irrigation of affected sites.25 Conclusion NaOCl is an effective antibacterial agent but can be highly irritating when it comes in contact with vital tissue. Most of the reported complications occurred because of incorrect determination of endodontic working length, iatrogenic widening of the apical foramen, lateral perforation, or wedging of the irrigating needle. If a perforation or open apex exists, then great care should be exercised to prevent a NaOCl accident or an alternative irrigation solution should be considered. Table 2—How to recognize a NaOCl accident †¢ Immediate severe pain (for 2-6 minutes) †¢ Ballooning or immediate edema in adjacent soft tissue because of perfusion to the loose connective tissue †¢ Extension of edema to a large site of the face such as cheeks, peri- orbital region, or lips †¢ Ecchymosis on skin or mucosa as a result of profuse interstitial bleeding †¢ Profuse intraoral bleeding directly from root canal †¢ Chlorine taste or smell because of injected NaOCl to maxillary sinus †¢ Severe initial pain replaced with a constant discomfort or numbness, related to tissue destruction and distension †¢ Reversible or persistent anesthesia †¢ Possibility of secondary infection or spreading of former infection Table 3—How to treat a NaOCl accident †¢ Remain calm and inform the patient about the cause and nature of the complication. †¢ Immediately irrigate with normal saline to decrease the soft-tissue irritation by diluting the NaOCl. †¢ Let the bleeding response continue as it helps to flush the irritant out of the tissues. †¢ Recommend ice bag compresses for 24 hours (15-minute intervals)to minimize swelling. †¢ Recommend warm, moist compresses after 24 hours (15-minute intervals). †¢ Recommend rinsing with normal saline for 1 week to improve circulation to the affected area. †¢ For pain control †¢ Initial control of acute pain could be achieved with anesthetic nerve block. †¢ Acetaminophen-based narcotic analgesics for 3 to 7 days (NSAID analgesic should be avoided to decrease the amount of bleeding into the soft tissues). †¢ Prophylactic antibiotic coverage for 7 to 10 days to prevent secondary infection or spreading of the present infection. †¢ Steroid therapy with methylprednisolone for 2 to 3 days to control inflammatory reaction. †¢ Daily contact to monitor recovery. †¢ In severe cases such as respiratory distress, accessing the local emergency service via 911 is appropriate. †¢ Reassure the patient about the lengthy resolution of the inflammatory reaction. †¢ Provide the patient with both verbal and written home care instructions. †¢ Monitor the patient for pain control, secondary infection, and rea ssurance. References 1. Dakin HD. The use of certain antiseptic substances in treatment of infected wounds. Br Med J. 1915;2:318-320. 2. Crane AB. A Practicable Root Canal Technique. 1st ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lea Febiger; 1920:69. 3. Mentz TC. The use of sodium hypochlorite as a general endodontic medicament. Int Endod J. 1982;15:132-136. 4. Ayhan H, Sultan N, Cirak M, et al. Antimicrobial effects of various endodontic irrigants on selected microorganisms. Int Endod J. 1999;32:99-102. 5. Thà © SD, Maltha JC, Plasschaert JM. Reactions of guinea pig subcutaneous connective tissue following exposure to sodium hypochlorite. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1980;49: 460-466. 6. Nakamura H, Asai K, Fujita H, et al. The solvent action of sodium hypochlorite bovine tendon collagen, bovine pulp, and bovine gingiva. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1985;60:322-326. 7. Pashley EL, Bridson NL, Bowman K, et al. Cytotoxic effects of NaOCl on vital tissue. J Endod. 1985;11:525-528. 8. Harrison JW, Svec TA, Baumgartner JC. Analysis of clinical toxicity of endodontic irrigants. J Endod. 1978;4:6-11. 9. Lamers AC, van Mullem PJ, Simon M. Tissue reactions to sodium hypochlorite and iodine potassium iodide under clinical conditions in monkey teeth. J Endod. 1980;6:788-792. 10. Resnik L, Veren K, Salahuddin SZ, et al. Stability and inactivation of HTLVIII/LAV under clinical and laboratory environments. JAMA. 1986;255:1887-1891. 11. Spangberg L, Engstrà ¶m B, Langeland K. Biologic effect of dental materials. 3. Toxicity and antimicrobial effect of endodontic antiseptics in vitro. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1973;36:856-871. 12. Vianna ME, Horz HP, Gomes BP, et al. In vivo evaluation of microbial reduction after chemo-mechanical preparation of human root canals containing necrotic pulp tissue. Int Endod J. 2006;39:484-492. 13. van der Sluis LW, Gambarini G, Wu MK, et al. The influence of volume, type of irrigant and flushing method on removing artificially placed dentine debris from the apical root canal during passive ultrasonic irrigation. Int Endod J. 2006;39:472-476. 14. Gatot A, Arbelle J, Leiberman A, et al. Effects of sodium hypochlorite on soft tissues after its inadvertent injection beyond the root apex. J Endod. 1991;17:573574. 15. Tanomaru Filho M, Leonardo MR, Silva LA, et al. Inflammatory response to different endodontic irrigating solutions. Int Endod J. 2002;35:735-739. 16. Watts A, Paterson RC. Atypical lesions detected during a study of short-term tissue responses to three different endodontic instrumentation techniques. Endod Dent Traumatol. 1993;9:200-210. 17. Rutberg M, Spangberg E, Spangberg L. Evaluation of enhanced vascular permeability of endodontic medicaments in vivo. J Endod. 1977;3:347-351. 18. Kaufman AY, Keila S. Hypersensitivity to sodium hypochlorite. J Endod. 1989;15:224-226. 19. Ehrich DG, Brian JD Jr, Walker WA. Sodium hypochlorite accident: inadvertent injection into maxillary sinus. J Endod. 1993;19:180-182. 20. Ingram TA 3rd. Response of the human eye to accidental exposure to sodium hypochlorite. J Endod. 1990;16:235-238. 21. Witton R, Henthorn K, Ethunandan M, et al. Neurological complications following extrusion of sodium hypochlorite solution during root canal treatment. Int Endod J. 2005;38:843-848. 22. Serper A, Ozbek M, Calt S. Accidental sodium hypochlorite-induced skin injury during endodontic treatment. J Endod. 2004;30:180-181. 23. Gursoy UK, Bostanci V, Kosger HH. Palatal mucosa necrosis because of accidental sodium hypochlorite injection instead of anesthetic solution. Int Endod J. 2006;39:157-161. 24. Herrmann JW, Heicht RC. Complications in therapeutic use of sodium hypochlorite. J Endod. 1979;5:160-163. 25. Onà §aâ‚ ¬ O, Ho?gà ¶r M, Hilmioâ‚ ¬lu S, et al. Comparison of antibacteri al and toxic effects of various root canal irrigants. Int Endod J. 2003;36:423-432. 26. Reeh ES, Messer HH. Long-term paresthesia following inadvertent forcing of sodium hypochlorite through perforation in maxillary incisor. Endod Dent Traumatol. 1989;5:200-203. 27. Gernhardt CR, Eppendorf K, Kozlowski A, et al. Toxicity of concentrated sodium hypochlorite used as an endodontic irrigant. Int Endod J. 2004;37:272-280. 28. Hales JJ, Jackson CR, Everett AP, et al. Treatment protocol for the management of a sodium hypochlorite accident during endodontic therapy. Gen Dent. 2001;49:278-281. 29. Hà ¼lsmann M, Hahn W. Complications during root canal irrigation—literature review and case reports. Int Endod J. 2000; 33:186-193. 30. Mehra P, Clancy C, Wu J. Formation of facial hematoma during endodontic therapy. J Am Dent Assoc. 2000;131:67-71. 31. Kavanagh CP, Taylor J. Inadvertent injection of sodium hypochlorite to the maxillary sinus. Br Dent J. 1998;185:336-337. 32. Tosti A, Piraccini BM, Pazagglia M, et al. Severe facial edema following root canal therapy. Arch Dermatol. 1996;132:231-233. 33. Cymbler DM, Ardakani P. Sodium hypochlorite injection into periapical tissues. Dent Update. 1994;21:345-346. 34. Cali?kan MK, Tà ¼rkà ¼n M, Alper S. Allergy to sodium hypochlorite during root canal therapy: a case report. Int Endod J. 1994;27:163-167. 35. Linn JL, Messer HH. Hypochlorite injury to the lip following injection via a labial perforation. Case report. Aust Dent J. 1993;38:280-282. 36. Joffe E. Complication during root canal therapy following accidental extrusion of sodium hypochlorite through the apical foramen. Gen Dent. 1991;39:460-461. 37. Becking AG. Complications in the use of sodium hypochlorite during endodontic treatment. Report of three cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1991;71:346348. 38. Neaverth EJ, Swindle R. A serious complication following the inadvertent injection of sodium hypochlorite outside the root canal system. Compend Cont Educ Dent. 1990;11:474-481. 39. Sabala CL, Powell SE. Sodium hypochlorite injection into periapical tissues. J Endod. 1989;15:490-492. 40. Grob R. [An incident with sodium hypochlorite—only my error?]. Schweiz Monatsschr Zahnmed. 1984;94:661-662. 41. Becker GL, Cohen S, Borer R. The sequelae of accidentally injecting sodium hypochlorite beyond the root apex. Report of a case. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1974;38:633-638. 42. Kozol RD, Gillies C, Elgebaly SA. Effects of sodium hypochlorit e (Dakin’s solution) on cells of the wound module. Arch Surg. 1988;123:420-427. 43. Harrison JW. Irrigation of the root canal system. Dent Clin North Am. 1984;28:797-808. 44. Spangberg L. Instruments, materials, and devices. In: Cohen S, Burns RC, eds. Pathways of the Pulp. 9th ed. St Louis, Mo: Mosby; 1980:545-546. 45. Yesilsoy C, Whitaker E, Cleveland D, et al. Antimicrobial and toxic effects of established and potential root canal irrigants. J Endod. 1995;21:513-515. 46. Gomes BP, Ferraz CC, Vianna ME, et al. In vitro antimicrobial activity of several concentrations of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine gluconate in the elimination of Enterococcus faecalis. Int Endod J. 2001;34:424-428. 47. Marais JT, Williams WP. Antimicrobial effectiveness of electro-chemically activated water as an endodontic irrigation solution. Int Endod J. 2001;34:237243.